I suppose this may be slightly hypocritical, but for the most part, the 'old' laws of the bible (the ones you mentioned and Leviticus respectively) are generally not followed (or even remotely considered for as you say, they are quite barbaric and oppressive) as such today and remain primarily to preserve the historical integrity of the book and to draw a stark contrast towards religion in its various phases - specifically, regarding the Testaments.
But as such, people will take things from texts to suit their own purposes, and this is arguably true both regarding the context of the bible and the scenario we have here. I am not denying that the text has been used as a tool of oppression, but it has also been used as one to liberate - this much can be said for any 'significant' text of either religious or scientific merit depending on which perspective it is viewed from.
Nicely said.
The "eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth" one, for example, isn't followed any more in most western countries...I would argue it was written in a different time in history in mind, when contrasted to Jesus' 2 commandments- love God and Love Thy Neighbour. Also because it really doesn't make victims feel any better. Prison can be far nastier than a death sentence- life in Bali prison, for the Australians who have got caught in Indonesia smuggling drugs, is causing some of them to go through bouts of psychosis. Perhaps the murderer would prefer the quicker option?
Victims are generally better with a lot of time and space to grieve, rather than destroying what destroyed their life. Because in murdering another, you won't bring back the thing you lost- the person, but more over that connection you had to the person and the love that came from that person.
The death sentence, as has been suggested in this topic, rarely involves actually exercution. There was this quote in the TV show Dilbert about when Dilbert was falsey accused of a massacre, that he would go through, instead of execution, "forty years of appeals, and once everyone associated with the case is long dead, strange men with conspiracy theories can once again breathe a sigh of relief". The execution of another human being is so permanent, holding it off, and re-examining the case becomes more and more necessary. While incarceration in theorey is expensive (at 40k a year last time i checked), running lots of appeals would be more expensive, unless it was an open and shut case (and murder with the threat of the death penality rarely is). It isn't like you can call someone objecting to their exercution a vexatious litigant, like they have to some in Melbourne who, from jail, keep bringing case after case to court- because it's life or death for someone on death row professing their innocence.
And i totally agree with the comments about Republicans- the most nutty of them, at least, don't give a rats once a person is born- both medically and in prison- but they seem to want to continually protect the unborn. It's complete hypocrisy.